Science and Tech | Sunstone Online

Has Man Learned the Secret of Flight?

Jarno Smeets, a Dutch engineer, has unleashed a video onto the public, sparking controversy, awe and skepticism across the globe.

The video, which showcases his ‘Human Birdwings’ project, is supposedly shot from a camera attached to Smeets’ helmet while he successfully takes off at a park in Hague. The 200-foot wings are part of Smeets’ invention, which he claims is the first to allow a human to fly in a way similar to that of a bird, with neither rotors nor jets. Instead, the contraption uses motion sensors from Nintendo Wii and an accelerometer from an HTC Wildfire S smartphone to ‘amplify’ the flapping motion of his arms, and then transfers it to small motors on the wings. This technology allows Smeets to flap wings much larger than his body would otherwise be capable of lifting.

Though the engineering of the wings is in fact plausible, many of the video’s viewers were quick to dismiss it as a fake. How did the engineer know it would take exactly 14 videos until a successful takeoff? Some have questioned the video’s legitimacy based on the physics involved, while others have analyzed the clear differences between the Human Birdwings and the natural wings and flapping motions of birds today, such as rotation and the specific angling of the wings before and during flight.

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One interesting observation discussed the placement of Smeets’ legs. In general, the legs of a bird are thin, small and remarkably lightweight. Human legs are monstrous in comparison, and so would inevitably dangle beneath the torso, perpendicular to the floating body. However, the video clearly shows the legs rising to line up with the body at 38 seconds. The strength needed to hold the legs in this position without breaking the spine, especially when the body is suspended from the upper back, is incredible and therefore highly unlikely here. However, further scrutiny implies there might be a small sail placed between the feet which buoys the legs during flight.

An interesting analysis of the camera motion in the video provides another important perspective on the invention’s authenticity. Though the detailed study does not prove it is legitimate or a hoax, it does prove that the camera work is genuine and not a compilation of a number of processed clips.

Controversial Scientist to (Attempt to) Clone Woolly Mammoth

The vice principal of the Sakha Republic North-Eastern Federal University has teamed up with the most controversial cloning expert in an effort to essentially resurrect a 10,000+ year old woolly mammoth.

Vasily Vasiliev and Hwang Woo-Suk signed the deal early today, stating that research may begin this year.

The specimen, preserved in Siberian permafrost, was found in outstanding condition. Mammoth fossils and other remnants are not necessarily uncommon, but this is the first to contain undamaged DNA in the form of bone marrow.

Woolly Mammoth Remains — Woolly Mammoth Tusks Found in Permafrost

Hwang Woo-Suk has a long, twisted track record in the cloning field. His research began in the late 1990’s, and he created two dairy cow clones throughout 1999. Though he had no research evidence to support this claim, Hwang was quickly accepted as a hero in the eyes of the Korean media and public. For several years, Hwang’s focus remained on modified livestock.

In 2004, Hwang’s research team announced a successful embryonic stem cell cloning. The paper, explaining the somatic cell nuclear transfer method, was published in Science. Hwang’s endeavor shocked the scientific world, as human stem cell cloning was previously considered impossible, but Hwang offered several seemingly legitimate explanations for his team’s success. A year later, the team perfected their method and created 11 human embryonic stem cells using 185 eggs. His work was considered one of the greatest genetic breakthroughs in history.

Less than two years later, after successfully cloning a dog named ‘Snuppy’, Hwang’s partner publically terminated his collaboration with the scientist. It was later revealed that the eggs used in the research had been acquired unethically. Hwang stated that he was unaware of the situation, which members of the research team confirmed. A year later, however, Hwang’s papers on embryonic stem cells were retracted under the belief that the information was contrived, and though Hwang appealed this as a conspiracy and wished to prove it, he was sentenced to two years in prison.
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Now, Hwang and South Korea’s Sooam Biotech Research Foundation await the shipment of the mammoth remains. They will be joined in their efforts by the Beijing Genomics Institute as well.

“The first and hardest mission to restore mammoth cells,” said Hwang In-Sung, also of Sooam. He explained the theorized cloning method; the nuclei of an Indian elephant’s egg cell will be replaced with those of the mammoth’s somatic cells. The embryos with mammoth DNA can then be implanted in elephant wombs for “normal” embryotic development.

“This will be a really tough job, but we believe it is possible,” he said. The Sooam team, along with Hwang Woo-Suk, has cloned numerous animals, including eight coyotes last October.

Decreasing the Carbon Footprint with the AIRE Maske

The brilliance of some people is astounding. Soon, you’ll be able to charge your phone simply by breathing. Inventor Joco Paulo Lammaglia from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil has created the AIRE mask which harnesses the wind power that people create by breathing. This power is then converted into electricity that can run the iPod, the mobile device and more.

Lammoglia explained, “I hope to bring the concept into production and reduce the carbon footprint. It can be used indoors or outdoors, while you're sleeping, walking, running or even reading a book. Besides saving energy and helping environmental preservation, it also encourages physical exercise. Its energy is available 24 hours a day, seven days a week. Though many of our modern gadgets offer benefits, they tend to use a high amount of electrical energy. Harnessing energy from human activities and transforming it into electricity is possible and is a great solution.”

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The design includes an electronic mask that has tiny wind turbines in it; the energy that the breathing creates is then transferred through a cable to the electronic device.

Lammoglia hopes that the AIRE mask will help to minimize the carbon footprint and help with global warming.

Redheads Immune to Local Anesthetics

The Journal of the American Dental Association recently published new research revealing that redheads are in fact impervious to local anesthetics. This explains why redheads are more wary of doctors and dentists than patients with other hair colors.

The research proposes that the phenomenon is a result of a mutation in the same gene that dictates hair color. The gene leads to melatonin production in people with blond, brown and black hair, but the redhead mutation in the MC1R gene makes a substance called pheomelanin instead. This leads to the red hair and the characteristically fair skin.

This is not the first study to address the issue. In 2004, a project revealed that redheads rProfequire an average of 20% more general anesthesia than other patients. A study in 2005 showed similar results.

The MC1R gene is part of a group of receptors responsible for pain comprehension in the brain. As a result, the mutation amplifies the body’s pain sensitivity. The mutation can sometimes be found in people of other hair colors, though not often. The latest research showed that 65 of 67 redheads had the MC1R gene variant, as opposed to 20 of 77 brunettes.

The study also mapped the participants’ anxiety and fear of the dentist, and found that those with the MC1R mutation were remarkably more wary of the dentist, and more than doubly likely to avoid any sort of dental care.

Dr. Daniel I. Sessler of the study said “The reason we studied redheads in the beginning, it was essentially an urban legend in the anesthesia community saying redheads were difficult to anesthetize. This was so intriguing we went ahead and studied it. Redheads really do require more anesthesia, and by a clinically important amount.”
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He added, “Because they’re resistant, many redheads have had bad experiences. If they go to the dentist or have a cut sutured, they’ll need more local anesthetic than other people.”

Other recent studies have revealed that although redheads are more sensitive to certain pains and more immune to anesthetics, their skin is tougher than that of other people. In fact, they are less susceptible to skin-related pain.

Professor Lars Arendt-Nielsen explained: “Our tests showed that redheads are less sensitive to this particular type of pain. They react less to pressure close to the injected area, or to a pinprick. They seem to be a bit better protected, and that is a really interesting finding.”

Redheads are also less sensitive to hot and spicy foods, and more sensitive to the cold.

MUOS Satellite to Provide Military with 3G Communications

This weekend, Cape Canaveral Air Force Station launched an unmanned Atlas 5 rocket as in an effort to provide 3G communication to soldiers in the field. The satellite is the first in a new military network.

The rocket used to drop the Mobile User Objective System satellite into Earth’s orbit is the most powerful in the U.S. inventory, reaching 191 feet in height. Called the MUOS-1, the satellite is one of five in the network, which operates in a way similar to cellphone towers. The system will boost communication ability for the U.S. military and its partnering countries. The communication capacity will now include UHF satellite communications for cellphone users.

“Right now, our units have to be sitting in one place, stationary, with antenna up pointing straight at a satellite to be able to use narrow-band sitcom (satellite communications),” said Paul Ghyzel, program manager. “As we bring MUOS online, we bring up the capability that allows them to move around the battle space and be able to continue communicating beyond the line-of-sight.”

MUOS program manager and VP Mark Pasquale explained that the system is “basically like a cellphone tower in the sky.” He added, “You can think of the handheld user terminals as robust, rugged smartphones.”

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The main contractor for the handheld devices, General Dynamics C4 Systems, is currently perfecting the technology used to connect the terminals with the MUOS 3G-like network.

Though certain capabilities won’t really be available until next summer, the MUOS should provide soldiers with voice, video and data service in vehicles, ships, submarines, and aircraft, as well as on foot.

US-China Battles

Proview Pissed with Apple

Usually it’s the western companies accusing their eastern counterparts of copying their stuff. But with Shenzhen Proview Technology and Apple, Inc., it has been the other way around. This might shed some light on why US companies simply want to avoid doing business in Asian countries.

Basically, Proview (the company in mega debt) claimed that it legally bought the rights to the iPad trademark back in 2009. The Shanghai Pudong New Area People's Court ruled against Apple. One foreign relations expert, Adam Segal used this example to point to the problems of Americans doing business in China, saying “I think it’s an issue of how laws are interpreted and how they’re implemented and what you can expect from different level courts.”

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Cutting Their Noses Off

But isn’t Shenzhen really cutting its nose off to spite its face? When Proview decided that the iPads shouldn’t be sold in Shanghai anymore all it succeeded in doing was aggravating its citizens. And ultimately that will boost the popularity of Apple even further which has to be annoying at best for Proview.

Plus Proview has to know that its now arch-enemy Apple is not going to take this lying down. Proview has now implied it will try and resolve the dispute out of court. Why? Well, Apple sent the company a letter accusing Proview of bad-mouthing it through the media which of course is illegal. So what started as Proview trying to attack Apple, might end up biting it in the ass and it having to defend itself.

In addition, as Daniel Eran Dilger tweeted, “funny that Proview was deemed likely to get big money from Apple for its disputed IPAD trademark, given that it was an iMac ripoff from '98.” And he’s right.

Lessons Learned

What does this teach us? Pick your battles. Don’t go after someone double (or probably more like quadruple) the size of you. And if you do have to, make sure you have all the facts before you start. It’s pretty obvious that the amount of companies that have successfully taken to Apple to court and won can be counted on one hand or less.