Category: Science and Tech

Dinosaur Eggs Uncovered in Chechnya?

Geologists believe they have uncovered around 40 fossilized dinosaur eggs in the Chechnya region of Russia. According to Chechen State University geologist Said-Emin Dzhabrailov, “there could be many more laying under the ground” as well.

The eggs, theoretically dating back over 60 million years, were discovered as a result of construction in the area, through a controlled blast in the Caucasus Mountains. The stone-like objects are spherical, and range in size from 25cm to over a meter. Paleontologists have yet to determine which dinosaur species laid them.

In the meantime, Magomed Alkhazurov, another scientist from the Chechen State University, guessed that the eggs belong to a large, herbivorous species of dinosaur. Perhaps they belong to the hadrosaurs family. These slow-witted, herd-oriented reptiles are associated with deer, cows and other grazers today.

A sample from the findings has been sent to Yessentuki for examination, though many scientists around the world remain skeptical.

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Dr. Aleksandr Averianov of the Institute of Zoology in St. Petersburg said “These are no dinosaur eggs. This is some kind of sand rock. Dinosaur eggs have a different shell structure.”

Other scientists agree, claiming that the egg-shaped formations are of a geological nature, not biological.

Chechnya’s violent reputation and dying tourism industry can actually support this claim, leaving a window for conspiracy theories. The country’s government has already revealed its hopes of creating a nature preserve in the area in an effort to attract tourists. Violence in the region has in fact lessened under Ramzan Kadyrov, who dedicates millions of dollars to construction, tourism and the general improvement of the area’s reputation.

First Flying Car Passes Flight Test

Terrafugia Inc. has managed to turn every inventor’s dream into reality by completing a test flight of its flying car called the Transition.

The car has two seats and four wheels, as well as foldable wings that allow the vehicle to drive on a road. Unlike commercial jets, the car was flown at 1,400 feet for nearly ten minutes last month. The development brings the Massachusettss-based company closer to its goal of selling the flying car before 2013.

Though the car will be sold for $279,000, over one hundred people have put down $10,000 deposits for vehicles. The number of customers will likely increase when the car is officially introduced to the public at the New York Auto Show this week.

Robert Mann explained that the flying car has been the dream of American inventors since the 1930s. He believes that Terrafugia’s creation is the closest a company has ever come to developing a flying car, though it will still need a runway for takeoff.
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Mann added that the government has already granted permission for the use of special glass, tires and other materials in order to lower the weight of the vehicle. The Transition is also exempt from the law requiring vehicles to have electronic stability control, which adds six pounds to the total weight. The car is undergoing tests to make sure it meets the federal safety standards.

According to Mann, the most profitable industry for the Transition will likely be the western U.S. states.

Sweet Tooth Lacking in Many Mammals, Study Finds

You might have a sweet tooth- but apparently that meat-eating mammal you visit at the aquarium does not.  That’s the latest finding from a study published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.  Co-authored by Gary Beauchamp, the director of the Monell Chemical Senses Center in Philadelphia, the study looked at DNA samples of a dozen species to look at their taste receptor genes.

The researchers knew, already, that cats don’t care for sweet carbohydrates and that they don’t have a working copy of the taste receptor gene called Tas1r2.  They thought, however, that cats were unusual.  With DNA samples primarily from the San Diego Zoo, this team joined with one from the University of Zurich to look at taste receptor genes in various mammals.

Their discoveries shocked them. Seven types of species from sea lions and Asian otters to spotted hyenas, lack the properly functioning Tas1r2 receptor. The type of mutation that each type of species had was difference, however.

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And sweet wasn’t the only issue. Sea lions also showed a lack of genes that create savory tastes and dolphins showed a lack of the working genes for bitter. Beauchamp said that the findings “illustrate the fact that the sensory world of animals is highly attuned to their dietary patterns.”

This research has been deemed ground-breaking and impressive. As Thomas Finger, a neurobiologist at the University of Colorado’s Rocky Mountain Taste and Smell Center in Aurora said, the study was “pretty impressive.”

 

First Robotic Surgery for Prostate Cancer

There is a first for everything, and last week Stuart Ellis fell into the category. Undergoing surgery for prostate cancer, he was the first person in the world to be operated on for prostate surgery by a surgeon using a hand-held robot. The device has been used in gastrointestinal surgeries and for gynecological purposes. The surgery took place at Stepping Hill Hospital in Stockport, England by urology surgeon Neil Oakley.

The benefits with this device are many – it has more flexibility than the human wrist, creating a precision that surgeons can’t and it actually creates a faster surgical procedure.  It also reduces the risk of potential mistakes since it offers the surgeon extra ability to maneuver and access to areas that are difficult to reach.

The robot is called a Kymerax robot that was made by the Japanese company Terumo. It’s actually much cheaper than larger robots, which can cost over a million dollars. This robot costs closer to $50,000 and has much smaller running costs.

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Ellis was diagnosed with cancer last month and only recently found out that he would be the first to try this new procedure. As he explained,

“Being told you’ve been diagnosed with cancer is not a pleasant experience, but it’s good to know something positive for other people is coming out of this. If this means other cancer patients in the future can get quicker treatment with the most advanced technology, then I’m proud to be part of it. I was in shock when the surgeon said he would be using a robot but it sounds like a fantastic tool and I’m not apprehensive about it.”

The surgeon has explained that the procedure will be filmed for future training and he has explained that he is excited to use the new technology. As he said,

“The fusion of maintaining the feel and touch during an operation with the greater robotic articulation that makes it so special. This robot can do things not physically possibly with a human wrist and gives you the best of both worlds.”

Has Man Learned the Secret of Flight?

Jarno Smeets and the Human BirdwingsJarno Smeets, a Dutch engineer, has unleashed a video onto the public, sparking controversy, awe and skepticism across the globe.

The video, which showcases his ‘Human Birdwings’ project, is supposedly shot from a camera attached to Smeets’ helmet while he successfully takes off at a park in Hague. The 200-foot wings are part of Smeets’ invention, which he claims is the first to allow a human to fly in a way similar to that of a bird, with neither rotors nor jets. Instead, the contraption uses motion sensors from Nintendo Wii and an accelerometer from an HTC Wildfire S smartphone to ‘amplify’ the flapping motion of his arms, and then transfers it to small motors on the wings. This technology allows Smeets to flap wings much larger than his body would otherwise be capable of lifting.

Though the engineering of the wings is in fact plausible, many of the video’s viewers were quick to dismiss it as a fake. How did the engineer know it would take exactly 14 videos until a successful takeoff? Some have questioned the video’s legitimacy based on the physics involved, while others have analyzed the clear differences between the Human Birdwings and the natural wings and flapping motions of birds today, such as rotation and the specific angling of the wings before and during flight.

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One interesting observation discussed the placement of Smeets’ legs. In general, the legs of a bird are thin, small and remarkably lightweight. Human legs are monstrous in comparison, and so would inevitably dangle beneath the torso, perpendicular to the floating body. However, the video clearly shows the legs rising to line up with the body at 38 seconds. The strength needed to hold the legs in this position without breaking the spine, especially when the body is suspended from the upper back, is incredible and therefore highly unlikely here. However, further scrutiny implies there might be a small sail placed between the feet which buoys the legs during flight.

An interesting analysis of the camera motion in the video provides another important perspective on the invention’s authenticity. Though the detailed study does not prove it is legitimate or a hoax, it does prove that the camera work is genuine and not a compilation of a number of processed clips.

Controversial Scientist to (Attempt to) Clone Woolly Mammoth

The vice principal of the Sakha Republic North-Eastern Federal University has teamed up with the most controversial cloning expert in an effort to essentially resurrect a 10,000+ year old woolly mammoth.

Vasily Vasiliev and Hwang Woo-Suk signed the deal early today, stating that research may begin this year.

The specimen, preserved in Siberian permafrost, was found in outstanding condition. Mammoth fossils and other remnants are not necessarily uncommon, but this is the first to contain undamaged DNA in the form of bone marrow.

Woolly Mammoth Tusks Found in Permafrost

Hwang Woo-Suk has a long, twisted track record in the cloning field. His research began in the late 1990’s, and he created two dairy cow clones throughout 1999. Though he had no research evidence to support this claim, Hwang was quickly accepted as a hero in the eyes of the Korean media and public. For several years, Hwang’s focus remained on modified livestock.

In 2004, Hwang’s research team announced a successful embryonic stem cell cloning. The paper, explaining the somatic cell nuclear transfer method, was published in Science. Hwang’s endeavor shocked the scientific world, as human stem cell cloning was previously considered impossible, but Hwang offered several seemingly legitimate explanations for his team’s success. A year later, the team perfected their method and created 11 human embryonic stem cells using 185 eggs. His work was considered one of the greatest genetic breakthroughs in history.

Less than two years later, after successfully cloning a dog named ‘Snuppy’, Hwang’s partner publically terminated his collaboration with the scientist. It was later revealed that the eggs used in the research had been acquired unethically. Hwang stated that he was unaware of the situation, which members of the research team confirmed. A year later, however, Hwang’s papers on embryonic stem cells were retracted under the belief that the information was contrived, and though Hwang appealed this as a conspiracy and wished to prove it, he was sentenced to two years in prison.
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Now, Hwang and South Korea’s Sooam Biotech Research Foundation await the shipment of the mammoth remains. They will be joined in their efforts by the Beijing Genomics Institute as well.

“The first and hardest mission to restore mammoth cells,” said Hwang In-Sung, also of Sooam. He explained the theorized cloning method; the nuclei of an Indian elephant’s egg cell will be replaced with those of the mammoth’s somatic cells. The embryos with mammoth DNA can then be implanted in elephant wombs for “normal” embryotic development.

“This will be a really tough job, but we believe it is possible,” he said. The Sooam team, along with Hwang Woo-Suk, has cloned numerous animals, including eight coyotes last October.