Sweet Tooth Lacking in Many Mammals, Study Finds

You might have a sweet tooth- but apparently that meat-eating mammal you visit at the aquarium does not.  That’s the latest finding from a study published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.  Co-authored by Gary Beauchamp, the director of the Monell Chemical Senses Center in Philadelphia, the study looked at DNA samples of a dozen species to look at their taste receptor genes.

The researchers knew, already, that cats don’t care for sweet carbohydrates and that they don’t have a working copy of the taste receptor gene called Tas1r2.  They thought, however, that cats were unusual.  With DNA samples primarily from the San Diego Zoo, this team joined with one from the University of Zurich to look at taste receptor genes in various mammals.

Their discoveries shocked them. Seven types of species from sea lions and Asian otters to spotted hyenas, lack the properly functioning Tas1r2 receptor. The type of mutation that each type of species had was difference, however.

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And sweet wasn’t the only issue. Sea lions also showed a lack of genes that create savory tastes and dolphins showed a lack of the working genes for bitter. Beauchamp said that the findings “illustrate the fact that the sensory world of animals is highly attuned to their dietary patterns.”

This research has been deemed ground-breaking and impressive. As Thomas Finger, a neurobiologist at the University of Colorado’s Rocky Mountain Taste and Smell Center in Aurora said, the study was “pretty impressive.”

 

Obesity May Cause Cognitive Decline

A recent study involving 250 people has revealed that obesity during senior years may trigger mental decline, and not only physical as previously believed. The study participants, aging through 60s and 70s, were tested over the course of five years. Those with higher body fat levels were less successful in mental ability exams during that time.

The study, conducted by scientists from Seoul National University, measured the waists and BMI levels of each participant regularly, analyzing the information along with the results from ‘Mini Mental State Examinations.’ These short tests included simple questions in math, orientation and memory.

As the researchers predicted, the participants with lower body fat achieved higher scores in the exams. Interestingly, the gap narrowed in people over 70 years of age.

Dae Hyun Yoon, the lead author of the study, said: “Our findings have important public health implications. The prevention of obesity, particularly central obesity, might be important for the prevention of cognitive decline or dementia.”
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The UK Alzheimer’s Society said “We have all heard how a high BMI is bad for our heart but this research suggests it could also be bad for the head.” The organization added that dementia wasn’t observed in the study. However, past research has implied that risk factors for high cholesterol, high blood pressure and heart disease can also cause dementia. Of

According to the Society, a third of people over the age of 65 will die with dementia. Still, this study, as well as others, has suggested that a balanced diet, regular exercise, and healthy blood pressure and cholesterol levels can change the odds.

First Robotic Surgery for Prostate Cancer

There is a first for everything, and last week Stuart Ellis fell into the category. Undergoing surgery for prostate cancer, he was the first person in the world to be operated on for prostate surgery by a surgeon using a hand-held robot. The device has been used in gastrointestinal surgeries and for gynecological purposes. The surgery took place at Stepping Hill Hospital in Stockport, England by urology surgeon Neil Oakley.

The benefits with this device are many – it has more flexibility than the human wrist, creating a precision that surgeons can’t and it actually creates a faster surgical procedure.  It also reduces the risk of potential mistakes since it offers the surgeon extra ability to maneuver and access to areas that are difficult to reach.

The robot is called a Kymerax robot that was made by the Japanese company Terumo. It’s actually much cheaper than larger robots, which can cost over a million dollars. This robot costs closer to $50,000 and has much smaller running costs.

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Ellis was diagnosed with cancer last month and only recently found out that he would be the first to try this new procedure. As he explained,

“Being told you’ve been diagnosed with cancer is not a pleasant experience, but it’s good to know something positive for other people is coming out of this. If this means other cancer patients in the future can get quicker treatment with the most advanced technology, then I’m proud to be part of it. I was in shock when the surgeon said he would be using a robot but it sounds like a fantastic tool and I’m not apprehensive about it.”

The surgeon has explained that the procedure will be filmed for future training and he has explained that he is excited to use the new technology. As he said,

“The fusion of maintaining the feel and touch during an operation with the greater robotic articulation that makes it so special. This robot can do things not physically possibly with a human wrist and gives you the best of both worlds.”

Pre-Spring Break Planning

Spring break is approaching and with it the stresses of planning a vacation, entertaining the kids, traveling comfortably and so much more.

There are a number of circumstances that are worth planning for in advance, and they include:

  • Traveling with your children, which can be difficult and result in boredom, disagreement and immaturity. To discourage these issues before they begin, have your kids help with the planning and trip preparation. Encourage them discuss the itinerary, present ideas and reach conclusions together, as well as help with the packing. The involvement will add enthusiasm and interest, and boost the cooperative mood as a whole.
  • Traveling by car, which can be delayed, boring and claustrophobic. For long plane trips, bring entertainment like an iPad, a deck of cards, a book…and most importantly food! These items are important whether you’re traveling alone, with your best friend, your spouse or your children.which can be long and grueling and leave everyone irritable. For long rides, look into audio books that can be enjoyed by the whole family. On a drive to the Grand Canyon, for example, try something long and suitable for several ages, like the first of the Harry Potter series. Discuss with your travel companions before choosing a story. If you’re traveling with kids, or without for that matter, end your car ride at a hotel with a pool.
  • Traveling by plane, which can be long and grueling and leave everyone irritable. For long rides, look into audio books that can be enjoyed by the whole family. On a drive to the Grand Canyon, for example, try something long and suitable for several ages, like the first of the Harry Potter series. Discuss with your travel companions before choosing a story. If you’re traveling with kids, or without for that matter, end your car ride at a hotel with a pool.
  • Home security. According to Indiana State Police Captain David Bursten, one of the biggest mistakes travelers make is cancelling the mail and newspaper deliveries. Instead, have a neighbor collect your post for you while you’re away, so that it seems someone is still at home. Installing randomized timers for the lights and, if possible, an alarm is also highly recommended.

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Things to Consider for Spring Weddings

This is the season of engagements and weddings, and rightly so- what season is more romantic, pleasant and convenient than spring?

Outdoor ceremonies, beautiful wedding photos, beautiful flowers, colors, dresses, weather…. The works. Still, there are a few season-related problems that could arise that you should be prepared for when planning a spring event. Theknot.com lists a few.

The first are unexpected showers. Though spring is usually clear and sunny, don’t forget that the weather is still rather iffy through April and May, and rain is a possibility. For an outdoor wedding, be sure to use a rental with a rain policy. This arrangement will provide your event with a tent at the last minute, in case of weather emergencies. Hair and makeup can also be damaged from the moisture, so consider using waterproof war paint and perhaps even extensions or hairpieces to maintain your chosen style.

Another issue is mud, which can be a problem even if your wedding day is rain-free. For this, wear plastic bags around your shoes until the ceremony, and keep an instant stain remover stick on hand for a muddy hemline. Some couples even wear rain boots for a cute, easygoing effect.
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Temperature issues can be easily resolved as well. For nights with a chill, post an email or Facebook notice alerting guests of the weather prediction. If you want to put in a bit more effort, have someone pick up a bunch of inexpensive shawls to set out in a basket for chilly guests. Windy conditions can be resolved by placing candles in glass hurricane holders, or buying pre-used candles. Battery operated candles, which give off an authentic flicker, are also a good option.

In contrast, spring afternoons can be hot and sunny. Parasols, handkerchiefs, cold packs, and ices are all great things to have on hand for the guests in this situation. Fondant icing for the cake is a must, because it holds up well in extreme temperatures, and hair that can be put up is also advised. Lastly, if your dress has sleeves, aim for an airy, mesh-like material.

Tricia Leahey Ph.D. Finds Ripple Effect with Weight Loss

Pick your friends well, and find a group with whom to lose weight. These are the findings of researchers from The Miriam Hospital’s Weight Control and Diabetes Research Center and The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University.  In their recent study with lead author Tricia Leahey Ph.D. of The Miriam and Alpert Medical School, they found that shedding pounds can have a ripple effect.

Published in the online journal Obesity, the study showed that, just as obesity can be socially influenced, so too can weight loss.  As Dr. Leahey said,

“We know that obesity can be socially contagious, but now we know that social networks play a significant role in weight loss as well, particularly team-based weight loss competitions. In our study, weight loss clearly clustered within teams, which suggests that teammates influenced each other, perhaps by providing accountability, setting expectations of weight loss, and providing encouragement and support.”

Today, there are many group-based weight loss programs from Weight Watchers to the television show The Biggest Loser.  The question that Leahey's team examined was if having weight-loss teammates and social influence actually makes a difference for an individual's weight loss.

The findings for their research came from a 2009 Shape Up Rhode Island (SURI) campaign that included a 12 week statewide online weight loss competition. It was designed by the study co-author Arjiv Kumar, M.D.  It included 3330 overweight and obese people with 987 teams that averaged between 5 and 11 people each.  There were three parts to the competition including weight loss, pedometer steps and physical activity.

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As Leahey explained,

“This is the first study to show that in these team-based campaigns, who’s on your team really matters. Being surrounded by others with similar health goals all working to achieve the same thing may have really helped people with their weight loss efforts.”

She added, “We’re all influenced by the people around us, so if we can harness this positive peer pressure and these positive social influences, we can create a social environment to help encourage additional weight loss.”

Additional co-authors of the study with Leahey included: Rena R. Wing, Ph.D., director of The Miriam Hospital’s Weight Control and Diabetes Research Center and professor of psychiatry and human behavior at Alpert Medical School; and Brad M. Weinberg, M.D. and Rajiv Kumar, M.D. co-founders of ShapeUp, Inc.